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Genes: The Atomic Rules

A gene is the smallest unit of decision-making in your company. It’s a single, explicit rule that eliminates ambiguity and shapes behavior.

Human vs AI: Ownership of Work

Humans own:
  • Purpose, ethics, risk, and irreversible commitments.
  • Novel or ambiguous decisions without precedent.
  • Exceptions to policy and cross-strand tradeoffs.
  • Accountability for outcomes; final sign-off on changes to DNA.
AI owns:
  • Executing defined sequences within constraints (agents, automations).
  • Pattern enforcement: linting, validation, policy checks.
  • Drafting: summaries, first-pass proposals, PRs under templates.
  • Retrieval and monitoring: surface signals, anomalies, and deltas.
  • Logging and traceability: produce artifacts for review.
Default rule: If the cost of a wrong decision is high or irreversible, keep it Human or Hybrid. If it’s repetitive, checkable, and reversible, make it AI.

What Makes a Good Gene?

1. Atomic

It answers ONE specific question. Not a collection of related ideas—one decision. ❌ Bad: “Our design should be clean, consistent, and user-friendly” ✅ Good: “Use max one primary button per screen section”

2. Actionable

Someone can apply it immediately without interpretation. ❌ Bad: “We value speed” ✅ Good: “Ship MVPs in 2-week sprints, iterate based on feedback”

3. Explicit

No room for interpretation. Two people reading it make the same choice. ❌ Bad: “Use color intentionally” ✅ Good: “Brand colors only for interactive elements—buttons, links, focus states”

4. Contextual

It includes WHY, not just WHAT. ❌ Bad: “Use TypeScript” ✅ Good: “Use TypeScript (prevents runtime errors, improves refactoring confidence)“

5. Constraining

It eliminates options. That’s the point. ❌ Bad: “Consider user needs when designing” ✅ Good: “Modals for actions, pages for destinations—no exceptions”

Gene Anatomy

Every gene has five parts:

Gene Examples Across Strands

Brand Gene


Product Gene


UI Gene


UX Gene


Tech Gene


Data Gene


Conversation Gene


Operations Gene


Sales Gene


AI Gene


Security Gene


AI Governance Gene (New)


Gene Density

How many genes should you have? There’s no fixed number. But here are guidelines:

Early-stage startup (5-20 people):

  • 20-40 genes total
  • Focus on Brand, Product, UI, Tech

Growth stage (20-100 people):

  • 60-120 genes total
  • Add Operations, Sales, Data, UX

Scale stage (100+ people):

  • 150-300 genes total
  • All 12 strands well-developed
More genes = more constraint = more alignment

When to Create a Gene

Create a gene when:
  1. A decision gets debated more than once “Should this be a modal or page?” → Time for a gene
  2. Different people make different choices Inconsistent button styles → Gene needed
  3. A pattern emerges organically Team naturally converges on a pattern → Encode it
  4. Onboarding reveals gaps New hire asks “how do we handle X?” → Document as gene
  5. A mistake happens repeatedly Same error keeps occurring → Constrain it with a gene

Gene Evolution

Genes aren’t permanent. They evolve:

Mutation

A gene changes because context changed

Inheritance

A new gene extends an existing one

Deprecation

A gene becomes obsolete

The Power of Genes

Genes eliminate micro-decisions. Instead of:
  • “Let me ask the team”
  • “Let me schedule a meeting”
  • “Let me check with my manager”
You get:
  • Check the gene
  • Apply the rule
  • Move forward
This is how DNA creates speed.

Next: Sequences

Genes are rules. Sequences show how genes work together.

Learn About Sequences

Cross-company workflows that apply multiple genes (run by Humans, AI, or Hybrid)